A couple of weeks ago when Takumi and all were visiting, a blog friend asked why I referred to Julietta-san with the SAN at the end of her name but didn't add the SAN at the end of her brother's name etc. Answer: I DON'T KNOW! There must be something subconscious going on... We could take a survey... Julie, Carin, how to do you refer to your friends and family in Japan?
There are different "titles" in Japanese used when speaking of or to different people. We have "chan" and "kun" and "san" and "sensei" and "sama". I can't think of any more...
Let's start with "chan". Somebody-somebody-CHAN is used when the person or thing is cute. It is an endearing expression. Babies are always referred to as "baby-chan" and it has a slight feminine quality to it. In our family Mi, is always called Mi-chan, maybe because she is so cute. I notice I don't call my other kitties with the "chan" at the end of their names... Are they not so cute? Tetsu's mother still refers to me as "Tani-chan" though at 61 with my gray hair, I am definitely no longer cute...

Then there is "kun". "Kun" can imply cuteness in boys and I've always referred to Yuma with the "kun" at the end of his name. (He's not very cute anymore either...) It is another endearing term. When I am at the preschool, heaven forbid I call on one of the boys and put a "chan" at the end of his name! He is a "kun" and he will get teased by the other children for being referred to as a girl. My mistake! I just looked at this cute three year old and subconsciously added the "chan". Whoops. "Kun" may be used to make a distinction in social rank... the boss of the company will refer to ALL his underlings, male and female with their name and "kun" at the end... I think that custom is fading away these days though...

Then there is the most common "san". "San" can be translated as Mr. or Mrs. or Miss, or Ms. Of course all last names have the "san" added to the end to indicate honoring the person. And one never speaks of their own family members to others with a "san" attached. That would be considered placing the person on a pedestal. "San" is used with first names too... so people will call my husband Tetsu-san or Watanabe-san. Somewhere along the line both kids stopped referring to us as Mom and Dad and we've always been Tetsu-san and Tani-san. At least the honorific "san" is there! And blog friends have noticed that I usually refer to even my very good friends as "last name-san" such as Furui-san. And then I confuse everybody even more because she often becomes "Mrs. Furui" on my blog like she's some ancient dowager. Almost all of my close friends I refer to them with their last names and a "san" at the end.

"Sensei" you'd think would be pretty straight forward. It means "teacher" so any school teacher is called by their last name and then "sensei" at the end. But "sensei" is added to names of lawyers, pastors, doctors, politicians and even hair-dressers! Anyone who may have had more education or training I guess...
And there's "sama" which is the ultra honorific form of "san". It is basically only used for when referring to the Japanese Imperial family. Princess Masako will be called Masako-sama, or the young nephew of the Crown Prince is referred to as Hisahito-sama.
So... WHY did I add a "san" to Julieta's name? I don't know. An honored friend of my son's...? And her brother? A definite non-Japanese in my mind? And why do I refer to some friends by their first name with the added "san" and some by their last names with the added "san"? Again, that may be subconsciously using first names with people I often speak with in English... Kaoru-san, Mari-san...
Tetsu doesn't get any honorific form at all in our house... He's plain ol' Tetsu. How rude! Unless I want something and then my voice goes into sing-song mode...
"Tetsu-SAMA!♪♪"